I WANT IT THAT WAY

I WANT IT THAT WAY (BACK STREET BOYS)



Yeah
You are my fire
The one desire
Believe when I say
I want it that way
But we are two worlds apart
Can't reach to your heart
When you say
That I want it that way
[Chorus:]
Tell me why Ain't nothin' but a heartache
Tell me why Ain't nothin' but a mistake
Tell me why I never wanna hear you say
I want it that way
Am I your fire
Your one desire
Yes I know it's too late
But I want it that way
[Chorus] Now I can see that we're falling apart
From the way that it used to be,
yeah No matter the distance
I want you to know That deep down inside of me...
You are my fire
The one desire
You are You are, you are, you are
Don't wanna hear you say
Ain't nothin' but a heartache
Ain't nothin' but a mistake (Don't wanna hear you say)
I never wanna hear you say
I want it that way Tell me why
Ain't nothin' but a heartache
Tell me why Ain't nothin but a mistake
Tell me why I never wanna hear you say
(Don't wanna hear you say it)
I want it that way I want it that way

MARTIN LUTHER KING

MARTIN LUTHER KING

¨YOU SEE THINGS AND YOU SAY WHY? BUT, I DREAM THINGS THAT NEVER WERE AND I SAY WHY NOT?¨

Martin Luther King Jr. has now been dead longer than he lived. But what an extraordinary life it was.

At 33, he was pressing the case of civil rights with President John Kennedy. At 34, he galvanized the nation with his "I Have a Dream" speech. At 35, he won the Nobel Peace Prize. At 39, he was assassinated, but he left a legacy of hope and inspiration that continues today.

Later that year King was a principal speaker at the historic March on Washington, where he delivered one of the most passionate addresses of his career. Time magazine designated him as its Person of the Year for 1963. A few months later he was named recipient of the 1964 Nobel Peace Prize. When he returned from Norway, where he had gone to accept the award, King took on new challenges. In Selma, Ala., he led a voter-registration campaign that ended in the Selma-to-Montgomery Freedom March. King next brought his crusade to Chicago, where he launched programs to rehabilitate the slums and provide housing.
Death came for King on April 4, 1968, on the balcony of the black-owned Lorraine Hotel just off Beale Street. While standing outside with Jesse Jackson and Ralph Abernathy, King was shot in the neck by a rifle bullet. His death caused a wave of violence in major cities across the country.

However, King's legacy has lived on. In 1969, his widow, Coretta Scott King, organized the Martin Luther King Jr. Center for Non-Violent Social Change.

RODOLFO LLINAS

Autor: Carlos Enrique Parra Bösenberg (especial para Universia)

Considerado como uno de los padres de las neurociencias modernas, el colombiano Rodolfo Llinás Riascos se ubica en la cima de la investigación científica en el mundo. Cuarenta años estudiando el cerebro humano y el funcionamiento de las neuronas le han valido cinco doctorados Honoris Causa, así como un sinnúmero de premios y reconocimientos.

Perfil elaborado en noviembre de 2005

El cerebro es el órgano vital más importante que tenemos los seres vivos, ya que registra toda la existencia. Retiene, recuerda y asocia, nos dice qué hacer y cómo, nos da la capacidad de soñar, es nuestra conciencia, determina quiénes somos y en qué nos convertiremos, nos guía si estamos en peligro o cuando experimentamos alguna sensación agradable, reconocemos el mundo exterior a través suyo y efectuamos todas nuestras acciones de acuerdo con sus órdenes.

“La comunicación neuronal es la encargada de construir nuestra vida, lo que es demostrable hoy en día por medio de aparatos con altísimos niveles tecnológicos como el electroencefalógrafo, el cual es capaz de medir y registrar la actividad y funciones del cerebro”, explica el científico colombiano Rodolfo Llinás.

De niño, creció en un ambiente que le permitió desarrollar la creatividad, el pensamiento lógico y el razonamiento por inducción y deducción, postulados que hoy defiende como único camino para alcanzar una buena educación en las escuelas y colegios y para que los jóvenes desarrollen niveles de comprensión lógica para desenvolverse mejor en el mundo.

Desarmaba todo cuanto podía para saber cómo funcionaban los objetos, siempre motivado por su curiosidad insaciable y la complicidad de su padre y de su abuelo, quienes le abrieron las puertas del universo científico al llevar a la cotidianidad del hogar los temas de la medicina y de la psiquiatría, que eran sus respectivas profesiones. Ambos se encargaron de darle los espacios para desarrollar su inquietud personal sobre el funcionamiento del cuerpo, de la mente humana y de las causas y efectos de los fenómenos naturales.



Dr. Llinás, the chairman of neuroscience and physiology at the N.Y.U. School of Medicine, believes that abnormal brain rhythms help account for a variety of serious disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, tinnitus and depression. His theory may explain why the technique called deep brain stimulation — implanting electrodes into particular regions of the brain — often alleviates the symptoms of movement disorders like Parkinson’s.

The theory is far from widely accepted, and most neurosurgeons say the mechanisms behind deep brain stimulation remain a mystery. Still, surgeons like Dr. Kelly are excited about the research, saying it suggests new targets for treating a variety of disorders.

“It’s a mystery to me why it took me so long to get what Rodolfo was saying,” Dr. Kelly said. “I’d like to latch on to the excuse that I was too busy. In truth, I was too dumb to listen. Now I tell my younger colleagues, ‘Listen to this man.’ He’s on to something that can revolutionize neurosurgery and our understanding of how the brain works.”

Dr. Llinás (pronounced yee-NAHS), born in Colombia 73 years ago, has long followed his own instincts.

Unlike neuroscientists who study the brain’s outer layer, or cortex, he has focused his attention on the thalamus, a paired structure in the midbrain. He has found that each walnut-size thalamus has 30 or more nuclei, each of which specializes in one type of information collected from the senses — sights, sounds, movements, external touches, internal feelings and so on.

Each nucleus sends its message to a specific area of the cortex for initial processing. But then the information is shuttled back down to the thalamus, where it is associated with other senses. And then it is returned to the cortex in a richer, multisensory form that is constantly elaborated, reverberating into a symphony of life experiences.

The thalamus and cortex work dynamically by passing loops of information back and forth, Dr. Llinás said. “If you think of the brain as an orchestra, the thalamus is the conductor. The players are in the cortex. When the conductor makes a move, the players follow. The conductor then hears their sounds and makes new moves, resulting in a continuous dialogue.”

Cells in the thalamus and cortex rely on intrinsic electrical properties to keep the music going. “Groups of neurons, millions strong, act like little hearts beating all their own,” Dr. Llinás said. They can oscillate at multiple frequencies, depending on what is happening in the outside world.

When the brain is awake, neurons in the cortex and thalamus oscillate at the same high frequency, called gamma. “It’s like a Riverdance performance,” Dr. Llinás continued. “Some cells are tapping in harmony and some are silent, creating myriads of patterns that represent the properties of the external world. Cells with the same rhythm form circuits to bind information in time. Such coherent activity allows you to see and hear, to be alert and able to think.”

But at day’s end, cells in the thalamus naturally enter a low-frequency oscillation. They burst slowly instead of firing rapidly. With the thalamus thrumming at a slower rhythm, the cortex follows along. You fall asleep. Your brain is still tapping out slow rhythms, but consciousness is suspended.

Dr. Llinás believes that these disrupted rhythms can be set off by a variety of causes — faulty genes, brain injury, chemical imbalance. In the case of his colleague Dr. Kelly, a small portion of the auditory cortex was damaged by helicopter noise. Dr. Llinás spotted it in the MEG machine — a spot oscillating as if in light sleep.

Tinnitus and other dysrhythmias can be treated with deep brain stimulation, drugs or tiny surgical lesions that return brain oscillations to normal, he said. The goal is to wake up parts of the brain that have fallen into low-frequency sleep mode.

THE NEW YORK TIMES, SCIENTISTS AT WORK, DECEMBER 1 2008

DECIMO GRADO/ TENTH GRADE

SMOKING


We all know smoking is bad for you, but new research reveals it's even worse for you than was previously thought. Smoking turns your hair gray, accelerates your aging, depletes your body of vitamins and minerals and reduces the effectiveness of prescription drugs, among other devastating effects.

Details

Cigarette smoking harms the body by raising cholesterol levels and blood pressure, as well as increasing the risk of cancer and cataracts.

Tobacco smoking reduces the effectiveness of medications, such as pain relievers, antidepressants, tranquilizers, sedatives, ulcer medication and insulin.

With estrogen and oral contraceptives, smoking may increase the risk of heart and blood-vessel disease.

Smoking causes an increased stress in the whole body even though there seems to be a lessening of stress when the body gets its 'fix' from the nicotine.

Driving skills are negatively affected for both the smoker and those who breathe the passive smoke.

Smoking has been linked in medical studies to more than 25 diseases, including heart disease, strokes, respiratory illness and several forms of cancer.

The nicotine is bad because it is one of the most addictive drugs out there. The list of 599 additives approved by the US Government for use in the manufacture of cigarettes is something every smoker should see. Over 4000 chemical compounds, are created by burning a cigarette, many of which are toxic and/or carcinogenic


Original source:
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/medicalnews.php?newsid=9705

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THE BEATLES

Those of us in our forties and fifties today remember with fondness and excitement the atmosphere created by four young guys from Liverpool, England. As all of us remember where we were during the assassination of President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963, we likewise remember being transfixed in front of our small black & white television sets on February 9, 1964, when the Beatles made their first American debut on The Ed Sullivan Show.

In preparation for their appearance, the CBS Television office on West-Fifty-Third Street in New York was overwhelmed by more than 50,000 requests for tickets to a studio that held 700. During their appearance, the Beatles sang five songs in the following order: All My Loving, Till There Was You, She Loves You, I Saw Her Standing There, and I Want To Hold Your Hand. On this night, seventy-three million people watched the Beatles. Their appearance had such an impact that most normal activities in America came to a standstill watching their performance. Criminal activity in most of the major cities and towns in America was put on hold, and getting a taxi or bus in New York was almost impossible, until their performance was over. Mass hysteria resulted wherever the Beatles appeared, and Beatlemania was created. Two days later, on February 11, 1964, the Beatles sang their first concert in the United States, at the Washington Coliseum. Being from Baltimore, I waited with great interest for their arrival. The Beatles only came to Maryland once, when on September 13, 1964, they performed two shows at the Baltimore Civic Center (now the Baltimore Arena).

The world’s number one rock group consisted of John Winston Lennon (b.10/09/40 -d.12/08/80), whose middle name came from his parent’s admiration of Winston Churchill; James Paul McCartney (b.06/18/42); George Harrison (b.02/25/43 -d. 11/29/2001); and Ringo Starr (born Richard Starkey 07/07/40).

During the Beatles recording career from 1962 to 1970, they would release twenty-two singles (45rpm) in the United Kingdom, and thirty-three in the United States. Their first UK single was Love Me Do/P.S. I Love You, released October 5, 1962, on EMI/Parlophone Records. The first USA single would be Please Please Me/Ask Me Why, which they released on February 25, 1963 on Vee Jay Records. Although the Beatles were big in England, they had not yet caught on in the United States. Following their first USA single, came From Me To You/Thank You Girl, which was released May 27, 1963 on Vee Jay, followed by She Loves You/I’ll Get You on Swan Records. Finally on December 26, 1963, Capitol Records decided to release I Want To Hold Your Hand/I Saw Her Standing There, which went to number 1 on the Billboard Charts on January 18, 1964, and stayed there for seven weeks. As luck would have it, the Beatles first US visit planned for February 1964 with their appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show had been booked almost six months earlier. Only by accident did the Beatles I Want To Hold Your Hand happen to be at #1 the same time as their first US visit. One could not have asked for better timing. On January 30, 1964, following the success of I Want To Hold Your Hand, Vee Jay Records re released Please Please Me, only this time with From Me To You as the B-Side.

Interestingly, many singles released in the UK had different B-Sides from those released in the USA. During this time in recording history, all recording artists used the A-Side as the hit, and the B-Side was just about any song used merely as a filler, except the Beatles. The Beatles were the first and only group in recording history to release a hit song on both sides of a single 45 rpm record. Also, the Beatles are the only group in recording history to have twenty songs reach number one.

PAST PERFECT

Past PerfectFORM
[had + past participle]
Examples:

You had studied English before you moved to New York.
Had you studied English before you moved to New York?
You had not studied English before you moved to New York.


USE 1 Completed Action Before Something in the Past

The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past.

Examples:

I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai.
I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.
Tony knew Istanbul so well because he had visited the city several times.
Had Susan ever studied Thai before she moved to Thailand?
She only understood the movie because she had read the book.
Kristine had never been to an opera before last night.
We were not able to get a hotel room because we had not booked in advance.
A: Had you ever visited the U.S. before your trip in 2006?
B: Yes, I had been to the U.S. once before.


USE 2 Duration Before Something in the Past (Non-Continuous Verbs)


With Non-Continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past.

Examples:

We had had that car for ten years before it broke down.
By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in London for over eight years.
They felt bad about selling the house because they had owned it for more than forty years. >


Example:

She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996.


ADVERB PLACEMENT
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:
You had previously studied English before you moved to New York.
Had you previously studied English before you moved to New York?
ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Examples:

George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's license. Active
Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanic's license. Passive


EXERCISE
Simple Past / Past Perfect

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses,


I can't believe I ______________(get) that apartment. I ___________(submit) my application last week, but I didn't think I had a chance of actually getting it. When I ___________(show) up to take a look around, there were at least twenty other people who______________ (arrive) before me. Most of them______________ (fill, already) out their applications and were already leaving. The landlord said I could still apply, so I did.

I ___________(try) to fill out the form, but I couldn't answer half of the questions. They _________(want) me to include references, but I didn't want to list my previous landlord because I ________(have) some problems with him in the past and I knew he wouldn't recommend me. I ___________(end) up listing my father as a reference.

It was total luck that he ___________(decide) to give me the apartment. It turns out that the landlord and my father___________ (go) to high school together. He decided that I could have the apartment before he ______________(look) at my credit report. I really lucked out!